1. X-Ray Spectrometer Alignment Guide
For Rowland circle geometry based spectrometer alignment, we suggest using two steps to complete this job. First, use a laser point to complete laser alignment. Then, use x-ray to perform fine alignment. We have detailed instruction for these alignments (click here)
2. XES/XRF Spectroscopy
Left: x-ray emission spectrum of Mn K
β of MnF
2, measured by Si(440) crystal analyzer in 1m spherically bent radius; Right: Mn K-edge XAFS of MnF
2 measured by Si(422) analyzer with 182mm bent radius and 100mm diameter size (
click for details).
3. Some useful Si and Ge crystal indexes and Bragg angles
Table I. silicon crystal analyzer indexes for first-row transition metals with their referred emission energies and the largest possible Bragg angles.
| Element |
|
Index |
Ka(KeV) |
Bragg_angle(deg) |
|
Index |
KB(KeV) |
Bragg_angle(deg) |
| Sc |
|
Si(311) |
4.090 |
67.755 |
|
Si(311) |
4.460 |
58.08 |
| Ti |
|
Si(311) |
4.510 |
57.07 |
|
Si(400) |
4.931 |
67.805 |
| V |
|
Si(400) |
4.952 |
67.217 |
|
Si(331) |
5.427 |
66.457 |
| Cr |
|
Si(331) |
5.415 |
66.75 |
|
Si(333) |
5.947 |
85.785 |
| Mn |
|
Si(422) |
5.900 |
71.397 |
|
Si(440) |
6.490 |
84.199 |
| Fe |
|
Si(333) |
6.405 |
67.817 |
|
Si(531) |
7.060 |
73.032 |
| Co |
|
Si(531) |
6.930 |
77.010 |
|
Si(533) |
7.650 |
78.068 |
| Ni |
|
Si(620) |
7.478 |
74.875 |
|
Si(551) |
8.267 |
80.402 |
| Cu |
|
Si(444) |
8.047 |
79.331 |
|
Si(553) |
8.904 |
79.948 |
| Zn |
|
Si(642) |
8.639 |
81.383 |
|
Si(733) |
9.570 |
77.490 |
Table II. germanium crystal analyzer indexes for first-row transition metals with their referred emission energies and the largest possible Bragg angles
| Element |
|
Index |
Ka(KeV) |
Bragg_angle(deg) |
|
Index |
KB(KeV) |
Bragg_angle(deg) |
| Sc |
|
Ge(311) |
4.090 |
62.700 |
|
Ge(400) |
4.460 |
79.363 |
| Ti |
|
Ge(400) |
4.510 |
76.390 |
|
Ge(331) |
4.931 |
75.627 |
| V |
|
Ge(331) |
4.952 |
74.707 |
|
Ge(422) |
5.427 |
81.579 |
| Cr |
|
Ge(422) |
5.415 |
82.485 |
|
Ge(333) |
5.947 |
73.232 |
| Mn |
|
Ge(333) |
5.900 |
74.820 |
|
Ge(440) |
6.490 |
72.777 |
| Fe |
|
Ge(440) |
6.405 |
75.429 |
|
Ge(620) |
7.060 |
79.019 |
| Co |
|
Ge(531) |
6.930 |
69.310 |
|
Ge(444) |
7.650 |
82.952 |
| Ni |
|
Ge(533) |
7.478 |
73.940 |
|
Ge(642) |
8.267 |
82.727 |
| Cu |
|
Ge(551) |
8.047 |
76.545 |
|
Ge(800) |
8.904 |
79.936 |
| Zn |
|
Ge(553) |
8.639 |
77.000 |
|
Ge(555) |
9.570 |
82.613 |
* crystals in Red have larger Bragg angles comparing both Si and Ge.
